Characteristics of EM Waves Simulation

Visualizing the interplay of electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave.

The Concept

Electromagnetic (EM) waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. They are unique in that they do not require a medium to travel and can propagate through the vacuum of space. Key characteristics include:

Electric ($\vec{E}$) and magnetic ($\vec{B}$) fields are perpendicular to each other.
Both fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
They oscillate in phase.
They travel at the speed of light ($c$) in a vacuum.

How to Use the Lab

Observe the oscillating electric (blue) and magnetic (red) field vectors in the 3D View.
See how they propagate along the chosen direction (X-axis).
In the Parallel View, observe the E-field and B-field as separate 2D sine waves to clearly see their synchronized oscillation.
Adjust the Wavelength and Amplitude to understand their effect on the wave properties.
Use the Pause/Play button to freeze the wave and examine its characteristics.
The simulation shows propagation along the X-axis, with E-field along Y and B-field along a simulated Z (out of/into screen).

Controls

Wavelength ($\lambda$): 200 units

Amplitude: 50 units

EM Wave Properties

The Electric (blue) and Magnetic (red) fields oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation (X-axis).

Speed of light ($c$): $3 \times 10^8$ m/s (conceptual constant in simulation: $300$ units/sec)

Real-time Physics

Frequency ($f$): -- units/sec

Period ($T$): -- sec

Wavenumber ($k$): -- units$^{-1}$

Angular Freq ($\omega$): -- rad/sec